Tax Planning

What is the QBI deduction?

The Qualified Business Income (QBI) deduction — Section 199A — lets owners of pass-through businesses deduct up to 20% of their qualified business income before tax. It's the single biggest break the 2017 TCJA gave the self-employed, and most freelancers who qualify never claim the full amount.

Last updated: July 14, 2026

QBI applies to income from pass-through entities: sole proprietorships (Schedule C), partnerships and S-corps (K-1), and most LLCs. It does not apply to W-2 wages or C-corporation dividends. The deduction reduces your taxable income — not your AGI — so it stacks on top of the standard or itemized deduction.

The QBI Formula
Qualified Business Income(net profit from your pass-through)
×20%(capped at 20% of taxable income less net capital gains)
=QBI Deduction
📌 The catch: the SSTB phaseout
  • • For specified service businesses (SSTBs) — consulting, law, medicine, accounting, financial services — the deduction phases out completely above the income thresholds.
  • • For 2026, the phaseout begins at ≈$201,775 taxable income (single) / ≈$403,550 (married joint) and completes $75k / $150k higher.
  • • Inside the phaseout range, the effective marginal cost of one extra dollar can reach roughly 50–55% — the "cliff effect."
  • • For non-SSTBs, the deduction is instead limited by W-2 wages paid + qualified property basis — so paying yourself a salary can increase it.

The full phaseout math and planning moves are in The QBI Deduction Phaseout. OBBBA (July 2025) made the deduction permanent and added a $400 minimum deduction (2026) for taxpayers with at least $1,000 of QBI and material participation. Thresholds adjust for inflation each year — see the tax law changes log.

Example QBI Deduction
$30,000
Single filer · $150k business income · below phaseout (simplified)
Qualified Business Income$150,000
Net profit on Schedule C / K-1
× QBI rate20%
Section 199A statutory rate
= QBI Deduction$30,000
Form 8995 → Form 1040, Line 13
What it's worth
Tax saved at a 24% bracket≈ $5,928

Simplified. The 20% × QBI figure above is the statutory starting point; the allowed deduction is computed after the ½-SE-tax deduction and the 20%-of-taxable-income cap — here about $24,700 (roughly 15–20% lower), so the real saving is ≈$5,928.

Who qualifies — and who's an SSTB
Sole proprietors
Schedule C freelancers and gig workers
Partnerships & S-corps
K-1 pass-through income
Most LLCs
Single- and multi-member, default tax
Rental real estate
If it rises to a trade or business (safe harbor)
SSTB: consulting & law
Phases out above the income threshold
SSTB: health & finance
Doctors, advisors, accountants — same cliff
NOT eligible: W-2 wages
Salary income never qualifies
NOT eligible: C-corp dividends
C-corp profits use the flat 21% rate instead

See QBI in your actual numbers

The full optimizer factors QBI into your taxable income — and if you're near the SSTB phaseout, it surfaces the retirement and deferral moves that pull you back below the threshold.

Individual results vary. A planning estimate, not tax advice — confirm with a CPA before you file.

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